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DCGAN Image Generation

Complete Documentation & Project Details for Deep Convolutional GAN & Image Generation

Project Description

This project implements a Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN) for generating realistic images using adversarial training with convolutional layers. The architecture uses convolutional generator and discriminator networks with batch normalization, LeakyReLU activations, and proper weight initialization for stable training. Perfect for learning GAN fundamentals and image generation. The system includes FID/IS evaluation, TensorBoard integration, latent space interpolation, data augmentation, and comprehensive training tools.

The DCGAN uses adversarial training where a generator network creates images from random noise, while a discriminator network tries to distinguish between real and generated images. The generator uses transposed convolutions to upsample from noise to images, while the discriminator uses standard convolutions to classify images. The implementation provides complete PyTorch support, comprehensive training pipeline, web interface, evaluation metrics, and deployment tools for image generation applications.

Project Screenshots

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DCGAN Image Generation

Core Features

DCGAN Architecture

  • Convolutional generator
  • Convolutional discriminator
  • Batch normalization
  • Realistic image generation
  • Stable adversarial training

Adversarial Training

  • Generator-discriminator competition
  • Stable training techniques
  • Label smoothing
  • Gradient clipping
  • Learning rate scheduling

Convolutional Layers

  • Transposed convolutions
  • Standard convolutions
  • LeakyReLU activations
  • Proper weight initialization
  • Deep network architecture

FID & IS Evaluation

  • FID score calculation
  • Inception Score (IS)
  • Image quality metrics
  • Model performance evaluation
  • Comprehensive evaluation

TensorBoard Integration

  • Real-time loss visualization
  • Generated image tracking
  • Training progress monitoring
  • Interactive dashboard
  • Comprehensive logging

Web Interface

  • Flask-based web app
  • Interactive image generation
  • Real-time generation
  • Download generated images
  • User-friendly interface

Advanced Features

Latent Space Interpolation

  • Linear interpolation
  • Spherical interpolation (SLERP)
  • Latent walk generation
  • Smooth image transitions
  • Visual exploration

Data Augmentation

  • Adaptive augmentation
  • Mixup augmentation
  • Cutout augmentation
  • Multiple augmentation levels

Multiple Dataset Support

  • Custom dataset support
  • CelebA dataset
  • CIFAR-10 dataset
  • MNIST dataset

Resume Training

  • Checkpoint resuming
  • Automatic checkpoint detection
  • Training continuation
  • Progress preservation
  • Early stopping support

Web Interface Features

Feature Description Usage
Image Generation Generate images from random noise Select number of images and click Generate
Real-time Generation Generate images in real-time Images appear as they are generated
Download Images Download generated images Click download button for each image
Model Selection Choose different trained models Select from available checkpoints

Technologies Used

This DCGAN Image Generation project is built using modern deep learning and computer vision technologies. The core implementation uses Python as the primary programming language and PyTorch for deep learning operations. The project includes a Deep Convolutional GAN architecture with convolutional generator and discriminator networks for realistic image generation. The project includes a Flask-based web interface for interactive image generation, Jupyter Notebook support for interactive development and demonstrations, and comprehensive FID/IS evaluation for assessing image quality.

The DCGAN model uses adversarial training where a generator creates images from random noise, while a discriminator tries to distinguish real from generated images. The system supports batch normalization and LeakyReLU activations for stable training, proper weight initialization for better convergence, and latent space interpolation for exploring the learned representation space, making it suitable for various image generation applications.

Python 3.8+ PyTorch 2.0+ DCGAN GAN Image Generation TensorBoard Computer Vision Jupyter Notebook Flask 2.3+ FID/IS Score

Installation & Usage

Installation

Install all required dependencies for the DCGAN Image Generation project:

# Install all requirements pip install -r requirements.txt # The DCGAN model will be trained on your data # Prepare your dataset in data/custom/ directory # Or use built-in datasets (CelebA, CIFAR-10, MNIST)

PyTorch Installation

Install PyTorch (CPU or GPU version):

# For CPU only pip install torch torchvision torchaudio # For CUDA (GPU support) - CUDA 11.8 pip install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu118 # For CUDA 12.1 pip install torch torchvision torchaudio --index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu121 # Verify installation python -c "import torch; print(torch.__version__); print(torch.cuda.is_available())"

Verify Installation

Test the model and verify all components work:

# Test model architecture python test_model.py # This will verify: # - Model can be instantiated # - Forward pass works # - All components function correctly # - Device compatibility (CPU/CUDA)

Training the Model

Train the DCGAN model on your image dataset:

# Prepare your dataset # Place images in data/custom/ directory # Or use built-in datasets: 'celeba', 'cifar10', 'mnist' # Basic training with default parameters python main.py # Configure in config.py: # - DATASET_NAME = 'custom' # or 'celeba', 'cifar10', 'mnist' # - BATCH_SIZE = 128 # - NUM_EPOCHS = 50 # - IMAGE_SIZE = 64 # - LR = 0.0002 # Or use Jupyter notebook jupyter notebook dcgan_training.ipynb # Training will: # - Load and preprocess images # - Initialize generator and discriminator # - Train with adversarial loss # - Save checkpoints and generated samples # - Log to TensorBoard

Training Parameters (config.py):

  • DATASET_NAME: Dataset to use - 'custom', 'celeba', 'cifar10', 'mnist'
  • BATCH_SIZE: Training batch size (default: 128)
  • NUM_EPOCHS: Number of training epochs (default: 50)
  • IMAGE_SIZE: Image size - 64 or 128 (default: 64)
  • LR: Learning rate (default: 0.0002)
  • BETA1: Beta1 for Adam optimizer (default: 0.5)
  • NZ: Size of input noise vector (default: 100)
  • NGF: Number of generator filters (default: 64)
  • NDF: Number of discriminator filters (default: 64)
  • NC: Number of channels - 3 for RGB, 1 for grayscale (default: 3)

Translation Inference

Translate sentences using the trained model:

# Single sentence translation python inference.py --model_path models/best_model.pt --sentence "Hello, how are you?" # Batch translation from file python inference.py --model_path models/best_model.pt --input_file input.txt --output_file output.txt # With beam search (better quality) python inference.py --model_path models/best_model.pt --sentence "Hello" --use_beam_search --beam_width 5 # Or use Jupyter notebook jupyter notebook transformer_nmt_demo.ipynb # Using Python API from inference import load_model, translate_sentence translation = translate_sentence( "Hello, how are you?", model_path="models/best_model.pt", vocab_dir="./models", device="cuda", use_beam_search=True, beam_width=5 ) print(translation)

REST API Server

Start the Flask API server for web integration:

# Start API server (default port 5000) python api_server.py --model_path models/best_model.pt --vocab_dir ./models # Start on custom port python api_server.py --model_path models/best_model.pt --vocab_dir ./models --port 8080 # Start on custom host and port python api_server.py --model_path models/best_model.pt --vocab_dir ./models --host 0.0.0.0 --port 5000 # API will be available at http://localhost:5000 # Example API calls: # POST /translate - {"text": "Hello", "use_beam_search": true, "beam_width": 5} # POST /translate/batch - {"texts": ["Hello", "How are you?"], "use_beam_search": true} # GET /health - Check API health

API Server Parameters:

  • --model_path: Path to trained model checkpoint (required)
  • --vocab_dir: Directory containing vocabulary files (default: ./models)
  • --port: Port to run server on (default: 5000)
  • --host: Host to bind to (default: 0.0.0.0)

Docker Deployment

Deploy using Docker for production:

# Build Docker image docker build -t transformer-nmt . # Run container docker run -d \ -p 5000:5000 \ -v $(pwd)/models:/app/models \ -v $(pwd)/data:/app/data \ --name transformer-nmt-api \ transformer-nmt # Or use Docker Compose docker-compose up -d # View logs docker logs transformer-nmt-api # Stop container docker stop transformer-nmt-api

Model Evaluation

Evaluate the trained model performance:

# Evaluate trained model python evaluate.py --model_path models/best_model.pt --test_file data/test.txt # Or use evaluation module from evaluate import calculate_bleu_score # Calculate BLEU score for translations reference = "bonjour le monde" candidate = "hello world" bleu_score = calculate_bleu_score(reference, candidate) print(f"BLEU Score: {bleu_score}")

BLEU Score Evaluation

Evaluate translation quality using BLEU score:

from evaluate import calculate_bleu_score # BLEU Score for translation evaluation reference = "bonjour le monde" candidate = "hello world" bleu = calculate_bleu_score(reference, candidate) # Print results print(f"BLEU Score: {bleu:.4f}") # Evaluate on test set python evaluate.py --model_path models/best_model.pt --test_file data/test.txt

BLEU Score Description:

  • BLEU Score: Measures n-gram precision between reference and candidate translations, widely used for machine translation evaluation
  • Range: 0.0 to 1.0, where higher scores indicate better translation quality
  • Usage: Standard metric for evaluating neural machine translation systems

Attention Visualization

Visualize attention weights to understand model behavior:

# Attention visualization is available in the Jupyter notebook jupyter notebook transformer_nmt_demo.ipynb # The notebook includes: # - Attention weight visualization # - Source-target alignment heatmaps # - Multi-head attention visualization # - Positional encoding visualization # This creates heatmaps showing which source words # the model focuses on when generating each target word

Batch Translation

Translate multiple sentences from files:

# Batch translation from file python inference.py \ --model_path models/best_model.pt \ --input_file input_sentences.txt \ --output_file translations.txt \ --use_beam_search \ --beam_width 5 # Or use API endpoint # POST /translate/batch - {"texts": ["sentence1", "sentence2"]}

Jupyter Notebook

Open the interactive Jupyter notebook for demonstrations:

# Transformer NMT demonstration notebook jupyter notebook transformer_nmt_demo.ipynb # The notebook includes: # - Model architecture visualization # - Self-attention mechanism explanation # - Training setup examples # - Translation inference examples # - Positional encoding visualization # Or use JupyterLab jupyter lab transformer_nmt_demo.ipynb

Project Structure

transformer-nmt/
├── README.md # Main documentation
├── requirements.txt # Python dependencies
├── LICENSE # License file
├── QUICKSTART.md # Quick start guide
├── CHANGELOG.md # Changelog
├── RELEASE_NOTES.md # Release notes
│
├── Core Modules
│ ├── transformer_model.py # Transformer architecture
│ ├── data_preprocessing.py # Data loading and vocabulary
│ ├── train.py # Training script
│ ├── inference.py # Translation inference
│ ├── evaluate.py # BLEU score evaluation
│ ├── utils.py # Utility functions
│ ├── config.py # Configuration settings
│ └── test_model.py # Model testing
│
├── API & Services
│ ├── api_server.py # Flask REST API
│ └── docs/API.md # API documentation
│
├── Data
│ └── parallel_corpus.txt # Training data (source ||| target)
│
├── Models
│ └── (trained model checkpoints and vocabularies)
│
├── Notebooks
│ └── transformer_nmt_demo.ipynb # Jupyter notebook demo
│
├── Scripts
│ └── prepare_data.py # Data preparation utilities

Configuration Options

Model Configuration

Customize model and training parameters in config.py and train.py:

# Model Architecture (config.py) D_MODEL = 512 # Model dimension NUM_HEADS = 8 # Number of attention heads NUM_LAYERS = 6 # Number of encoder/decoder layers D_FF = 2048 # Feed-forward network dimension DROPOUT = 0.1 # Dropout rate MAX_LEN = 5000 # Maximum sequence length for positional encoding # Training Parameters (config.py) BATCH_SIZE = 32 # Training batch size LEARNING_RATE = 0.0001 # Learning rate NUM_EPOCHS = 50 # Number of training epochs MAX_LENGTH = 100 # Maximum sequence length MIN_FREQ = 2 # Minimum word frequency for vocabulary GRAD_CLIP = 1.0 # Gradient clipping value TRAIN_SPLIT = 0.9 # Train/validation split ratio # Inference Configuration BEAM_WIDTH = 5 # Beam search width USE_BEAM_SEARCH = True # Use beam search or greedy decoding MAX_DECODE_LENGTH = 100 # Maximum decoding length

Configuration Tips:

  • D_MODEL: Should be divisible by NUM_HEADS (e.g., 512/8 = 64)
  • NUM_HEADS: Common values: 4, 8, 16. More heads = better but slower
  • NUM_LAYERS: More layers = better quality but slower training. Start with 4-6
  • D_FF: Typically 4x D_MODEL (e.g., 512 * 4 = 2048)
  • DROPOUT: 0.1 is standard. Increase if overfitting (0.2-0.3)
  • LEARNING_RATE: Start with 0.0001. Use learning rate scheduling
  • BATCH_SIZE: Larger = faster but needs more memory. Adjust based on GPU

Training Progress Logging

The training script automatically logs progress to JSON files:

# Training logs are saved to: # models/training_history.json # Contains: # - Training loss per epoch # - Validation loss per epoch # - Learning rate schedule # - Best model checkpoint info # Visualize training progress python visualize_training.py --log_file models/training_history.json

Detailed Architecture

Transformer Components

1. Encoder:

  • Stack of identical encoder layers (default: 6 layers)
  • Each layer contains: Multi-head self-attention + Feed-forward network
  • Residual connections around each sub-layer
  • Layer normalization after each sub-layer
  • Processes source sequence to create rich representations

2. Decoder:

  • Stack of identical decoder layers (default: 6 layers)
  • Each layer contains: Masked self-attention + Encoder-decoder attention + Feed-forward
  • Masked self-attention prevents looking at future tokens
  • Encoder-decoder attention connects to encoder outputs
  • Generates target sequence one token at a time

3. Attention Mechanisms:

  • Self-Attention (Encoder): Words attend to all words in source
  • Masked Self-Attention (Decoder): Words attend only to previous words
  • Encoder-Decoder Attention: Decoder attends to encoder outputs
  • Multi-Head: Multiple attention heads capture different relationships

Self-Attention Formula

The attention mechanism computes:

Attention(Q, K, V) = softmax(QK^T / √d_k) V Where: - Q (Query): What information am I looking for? - K (Key): What information do I have? - V (Value): What information do I provide? - d_k: Dimension of keys (d_model / num_heads) - √d_k: Scaling factor to prevent softmax saturation Multi-Head Attention: MultiHead(Q, K, V) = Concat(head_1, ..., head_h) W^O Each head: head_i = Attention(QW_i^Q, KW_i^K, VW_i^V)

Positional Encoding

Sinusoidal positional encoding adds position information:

PE(pos, 2i) = sin(pos / 10000^(2i/d_model)) PE(pos, 2i+1) = cos(pos / 10000^(2i/d_model)) Where: - pos: Position in sequence - i: Dimension index - d_model: Model dimension This allows the model to understand: - Absolute position of words - Relative distances between words - Word order in sequences

Advanced Features Usage

Translation Usage

Use the translation model with customizable parameters:

# Single sentence translation from inference import translate_sentence translation = translate_sentence( "Hello, how are you?", model_path="models/best_model.pt", vocab_dir="./models", device="cuda", use_beam_search=True, beam_width=5 ) print(translation) # Batch translation from inference import translate_batch translations = translate_batch( ["Hello", "How are you?"], model_path="models/best_model.pt", vocab_dir="./models", device="cuda", use_beam_search=True, beam_width=5 ) print(translations)

Beam Search Decoding

Use beam search for better translation quality:

from inference import translate_sentence # Translate with beam search translation = translate_sentence( "Hello, how are you?", model_path="models/best_model.pt", vocab_dir="./models", device="cuda", use_beam_search=True, beam_width=5 # Number of candidates to explore ) # Higher beam width = better quality but slower # Recommended: 3-10 for balance between quality and speed # Greedy decoding (faster, lower quality) translation = translate_sentence( "Hello", model_path="models/best_model.pt", vocab_dir="./models", device="cuda", use_beam_search=False )

Model Evaluation

Evaluate model performance with BLEU score:

from evaluate import calculate_bleu_score # Calculate BLEU score for translation reference = "bonjour le monde" candidate = "hello world" bleu = calculate_bleu_score(reference, candidate) print(f"BLEU Score: {bleu:.4f}") # Evaluate on test set python evaluate.py --model_path models/best_model.pt --test_file data/test.txt # Returns BLEU score for translation quality assessment

Parallel Corpus Preparation

Prepare parallel corpus data for training:

# Prepare parallel corpus file # Format: source_sentence ||| target_sentence # Example data/parallel_corpus.txt: hello world ||| bonjour le monde how are you ||| comment allez-vous good morning ||| bonjour # The training script will automatically: # - Build vocabulary from the corpus # - Split into train/validation sets # - Preprocess and tokenize sentences # - Create data loaders for training # Use the prepared data for training python train.py --data_path data/parallel_corpus.txt --num_epochs 50

Positional Encoding

Understand how positional encoding works in the Transformer:

# Positional encoding is automatically applied in the model # It uses sinusoidal functions to encode position information # The positional encoding allows the model to understand: # - Word order in sequences # - Relative positions between words # - Sequence structure # Visualization available in Jupyter notebook jupyter notebook transformer_nmt_demo.ipynb # The notebook includes positional encoding visualization # showing how position information is encoded in embeddings

Complete Training Workflow

Step-by-Step Training Process

Step 1: Prepare Data

# Create parallel corpus file # Format: source ||| target (one pair per line) echo "hello world ||| bonjour le monde" > data/parallel_corpus.txt echo "how are you ||| comment allez-vous" >> data/parallel_corpus.txt echo "good morning ||| bonjour" >> data/parallel_corpus.txt # Or use data preparation script python scripts/prepare_data.py --input raw_data.txt --output data/parallel_corpus.txt

Step 2: Train Model

# Start training python train.py --data_path data/parallel_corpus.txt --num_epochs 50 # Training will: # 1. Load and preprocess data # 2. Build source and target vocabularies # 3. Split into train/validation sets (90/10) # 4. Initialize Transformer model # 5. Train with label smoothing loss # 6. Save checkpoints and best model # 7. Log training history to JSON

Step 3: Monitor Training

  • Watch console output for epoch progress
  • Check models/training_history.json for detailed logs
  • Visualize training curves: python visualize_training.py
  • Best model saved as models/best_model.pt

Step 4: Evaluate Model

# Evaluate on test set python evaluate.py --model_path models/best_model.pt --test_file data/test.txt # Calculate BLEU scores for translation quality

Step 5: Translate

# Single sentence python inference.py --model_path models/best_model.pt --sentence "Hello" # Batch translation python inference.py --model_path models/best_model.pt --input_file input.txt --output_file output.txt

API Usage Examples

Translation Endpoint (cURL)

Translate a sentence using the REST API:

curl -X POST http://localhost:5000/translate \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{ "text": "Hello, how are you?", "use_beam_search": true, "beam_width": 5 }' # Response: # { # "source": "Hello, how are you?", # "translation": "Bonjour, comment allez-vous?", # "beam_search": true # }

Batch Translation (cURL)

Translate multiple sentences at once:

curl -X POST http://localhost:5000/translate/batch \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{ "texts": ["Hello", "How are you?", "Good morning"], "use_beam_search": true, "beam_width": 5 }' # Response: # { # "sources": ["Hello", "How are you?", "Good morning"], # "translations": ["Bonjour", "Comment allez-vous?", "Bonjour"], # "beam_search": true # }

Health Check (cURL)

Check API server health and model status:

curl -X GET http://localhost:5000/health # Response: # { # "status": "healthy", # "model_loaded": true, # "device": "cuda" # }

Python Requests Example

Use the API with Python requests library:

import requests # Translation endpoint response = requests.post( 'http://localhost:5000/translate', json={ 'text': 'Hello, how are you?', 'use_beam_search': True, 'beam_width': 5 } ) data = response.json() print(f"Source: {data['source']}") print(f"Translation: {data['translation']}") # Batch translation batch_response = requests.post( 'http://localhost:5000/translate/batch', json={ 'texts': ['Hello', 'How are you?'], 'use_beam_search': True } ) print(batch_response.json()) # Health check health = requests.get('http://localhost:5000/health') print(health.json())

JavaScript/Fetch Example

Use the API with JavaScript fetch API:

// Single translation fetch('http://localhost:5000/translate', { method: 'POST', headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, body: JSON.stringify({ text: 'Hello, how are you?', use_beam_search: true, beam_width: 5 }) }) .then(res => res.json()) .then(data => { console.log('Source:', data.source); console.log('Translation:', data.translation); }); // Batch translation fetch('http://localhost:5000/translate/batch', { method: 'POST', headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, body: JSON.stringify({ texts: ['Hello', 'How are you?'], use_beam_search: true }) }) .then(res => res.json()) .then(data => { console.log('Translations:', data.translations); }); // Health check fetch('http://localhost:5000/health') .then(res => res.json()) .then(data => console.log('Status:', data));

Transformer Model Variants

Model Parameters Size Use Case Speed
Small Transformer d_model=256, 4 layers ~20-40 MB Fast inference, basic tasks Fastest
Medium Transformer d_model=512, 6 layers ~50-100 MB Balanced quality/speed Fast
Large Transformer d_model=512, 8 layers ~150-300 MB Higher quality translation Moderate
XL Transformer d_model=1024, 12 layers ~500-1000 MB Best quality, research Slower

Dataset Information

Parallel Corpus Format

The project uses parallel corpus format with source and target sentence pairs:

  • Source and target language pairs
  • One sentence pair per line
  • Separated by ||| delimiter
  • Automatic vocabulary building
  • Train/validation split support
  • Multiple language pair support

Data Format

Training data is stored in parallel corpus format (one pair per line):

# parallel_corpus.txt format (one pair per line) hello world ||| bonjour le monde how are you ||| comment allez-vous good morning ||| bonjour thank you ||| merci see you later ||| à bientôt # Format: source_sentence ||| target_sentence # The training script automatically: # - Builds vocabulary from both source and target # - Splits into train/validation sets # - Tokenizes and preprocesses sentences

Adding Custom Training Data

Add your own parallel corpus data for training:

# Simply append to parallel corpus file with open('data/parallel_corpus.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write("source sentence ||| target sentence\n") f.write("hello ||| bonjour\n") f.write("goodbye ||| au revoir\n") # Or create a new domain-specific file with open('data/custom_corpus.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write("custom source ||| custom target\n") # Use in training python train.py --data_path data/custom_corpus.txt --save_dir models/custom

Troubleshooting & Best Practices

Common Issues

  • CUDA Out of Memory: Reduce batch_size in train.py, use smaller d_model (256 instead of 512), reduce num_layers, or use CPU mode
  • Model Not Found: Ensure model is trained first by running train.py or loading from models/ directory. Check model path is correct
  • Vocabulary Not Found: Ensure vocabularies are saved during training. Check vocab_dir path matches training save_dir
  • Slow Translation: Use smaller d_model (256) or fewer layers (4 instead of 6), reduce beam_width, or use greedy decoding
  • API Connection Error: Check if api_server.py is running on port 5000. Verify model_path and vocab_dir are correct
  • Import Errors: Verify all dependencies installed: pip install -r requirements.txt. Check Python version (3.8+)
  • Sequence Too Long: Reduce MAX_LENGTH in config.py or use shorter sentences. Model has max sequence length limit
  • Poor Translation Quality: Train for more epochs, use larger model, increase training data, or adjust learning rate
  • Training Loss Not Decreasing: Check learning rate (may be too high/low), verify data format, check for data issues
  • Validation Loss Increasing: Model may be overfitting. Increase dropout, use more data, or reduce model size
  • NLTK Data Missing: Run python -c "import nltk; nltk.download('punkt')" to download required NLTK data

Best Practices

  • Training Data: Use diverse, high-quality parallel corpus data. More data = better results. Aim for 10K+ sentence pairs minimum
  • Data Format: Ensure parallel corpus uses ||| separator. One pair per line. Clean and normalize text before training
  • Data Preprocessing: Normalize text, handle special characters, ensure consistent encoding (UTF-8)
  • Batch Size: Use smaller batches (16-32) for limited GPU memory. Larger batches (64+) for faster training if memory allows
  • Learning Rate: Start with 0.0001 and adjust based on training loss. Use ReduceLROnPlateau scheduler (automatic in training)
  • Gradient Clipping: Default is 1.0. Increase if training is unstable, decrease if gradients are too small
  • Beam Search: Use beam_width 3-10 for balance. Higher = better quality but slower. 5 is a good default
  • Model Selection: Start with d_model=256, 4 layers for speed/testing. Use 512+ and 6+ layers for production quality
  • Evaluation: Regularly evaluate BLEU score on validation set. Monitor for overfitting (val loss increasing)
  • Vocabulary: Adjust MIN_FREQ to control vocabulary size. Lower (1-2) = larger vocab, higher (3-5) = smaller vocab
  • Checkpointing: Model saves best checkpoint automatically. Can resume training from checkpoint if needed
  • API Rate Limiting: Implement rate limiting for production deployments. Consider using nginx or similar
  • Logging: Monitor training logs (training_history.json) for debugging and optimization
  • Device Selection: Use CUDA if available for faster training. CPU works but much slower

Performance Optimization

  • GPU Usage: Set CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES for multi-GPU systems. Use GPU for training and inference when available
  • Model Selection: Use d_model=256, 4 layers for fastest inference. Larger models (512, 6+ layers) for better quality
  • Batch Processing: Use batch translation endpoint for processing multiple sentences efficiently. Reduces overhead
  • Caching: API server caches model in memory. Model loads once on first request, then reused
  • Sequence Length: Limit MAX_LENGTH to reduce memory usage and improve speed. Shorter sequences = faster
  • Decoding Parameters: Use greedy decoding for speed (10x faster), beam search for quality (better translations)
  • Model Quantization: Consider model quantization for production to reduce memory and speed up inference
  • Async Processing: For high-throughput, consider async API or queue system for batch processing
  • Memory Management: Clear GPU cache between batches if running out of memory: torch.cuda.empty_cache()

Contact Information

Get in Touch

Developer: Molla Samser
Designer & Tester: Rima Khatun

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License

This project is for educational purposes only. See LICENSE file for more details.

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